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成熟大叔
温柔淑女
甜美少女
清亮青叔
呆萌萝莉
靓丽御姐
征服者:葡萄牙帝国的崛起 | 作者:罗杰·克劳利| 2026-01-14 20:28:23 | TXT下载 | ZIP下载
da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.77.
[41] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.84.
[42] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.85.
[43] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.85.
[44] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.87.
[45] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.87.
[46] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.89.
[47] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.90.
[48] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.92.
[49] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.93.
[50] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.114.
[51] Ravenstein,E.G.ed. and trans. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama,1497-99,London,1898,p.114.
[52] Subrahmanyam,Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama. Cambridge,1997,p.162.
[53] Priuli,G. Diarii. Edited by A. Segre. In Rerum Italicarum Scriptores,vol. 24,part 3. Città di Castello,1921-34,p.153.
[54] Voyages de Vasco de Gama:Relations des Expéditions de 1497-1499 et 1502-1503,ed. and trans. Paul Teyssier and Paul Valentin,Paris,1995,p.182.
[55] “阿尔加维”源自阿拉伯语,本意为“西方”,是今天葡萄牙大陆部分最南端的地区。13世纪中期,在“收复失地运动”中,葡萄牙从穆斯林手中夺取了阿尔加维。
6 卡布拉尔
1500年3月~1501年10月
达伽马回国仅仅六个月后,一支比先前庞大得多的船队准备就绪,即将从贝伦[1]海岸起航:十三艘船、一千二百人,以及佛罗伦萨与热那亚银行家注入的资本。船队跃跃欲试,准备去捕捉东印度的机遇。曼努埃尔一世有时优柔寡断,容易受人影响,有时一意孤行,但1500年时回荡着弥赛亚的预兆,欧洲的目光投向了里斯本。这支新船队,在总司令——贵族佩德罗·阿尔瓦雷斯·卡布拉尔的领导下,是对达伽马前番成绩的快速乘胜追击,旨在赢得物质的优势,以及凭借一场十字军圣战,赢得天主教世界的仰慕。
卡布拉尔的远征标志着葡萄牙人的活动从侦察转为商贸,又转为征服。在16世纪的最初五年里,曼努埃尔一世将派出许多支船队,规模越来越大,一共八十一艘船(有的船只参加了不止一次
