[1] Arthur Young, Tours in England and Wales, London School of Economics edition, p. 269.

[2] A. de Toqueville, Journeys to England and Ireland, ed. J. P. Mayer (1958), pp. 107—8.

[3] Anna Bezanson, The Early Uses of the Term Industrial Revolution, Quarterly Journal of Economics, XXXVI, 1921—2, p. 343, G. N. Clark, The Idea of the Industrial Revolution (Glasgow 1953).

[4] cf. A. E. Musson & E. Robinson, Science and Industry in the late Eighteenth Century, Economic History Review, XIII. 2, Dec 1960, and R. E. Schofield’s work on the Midland Industrialists and the Lunar Society Isis 47 (March 1956), 48 (1957), Annals of Science II (June 1956) etc.

[6] W.G.Hoffmann, The Growth of Industrial Economics (Manchester 1958), p. 68.

[7] A. P. Wadsworth & J. de L. Mann, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire (1931), chapter VII.

[8] F.Crouzet, Le Blocus Continental et l’Economic Britannique (1958), p. 63, suggests that in 1805 it was up to two－thirds.

[9] P. K. O’Brien, British Incomes and Property in the early Nineteenth Century, Economic History Review, XII, 2 (1959), p.267.

[11] Baines, History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain (London 1835). p.431.

[12] P. Mathias, The Brewing Industry in England (Cambridge 1959).

[13] M. Mulhall, Dictionary of Statistics (1892), p. 158.

[14] Baines, op. cit., p. 112.

[15] cf. Phyllis Deane, Estimates of the British National Income, Economic History Review (April 1956 and April 1957).

[16] O’Brien, op. cit., p. 267.

[17] For the stationary state cf. J. Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis (1954), pp. 570—1. The crucial formulation is John Stuart Mill’s (Principles of Political Economy, Book IV, chapter iv): ‘When a country has long possessed a large production, and a large net income to make saving from, and when, therefore, the means have long existed of making a great annual addition to capital; it is one of the characteristics of such a country, that the rate of profit is habitually within, as it were, a hand’s breadth