[1] Loraux, Divided City, trans. Pache and Fort, 108.

[2] Nicolet, Demokratia et aristokratia; Wiedemann, “Reflections of Roman Political Thought in Latin Historical Writing,” 519.

[3] “Aemulumque Thucydidis Sallustium”: Velleius Paterculus, Historiae 2.36.2;Scanlon, Influence of Thucydides on Sallust; Pelling,“ ‘Learning from That Violent Schoolmaster.’ ”

[4] Botteri, “Sta?si.”

[5] Clavadetscher-Thürlemann, ΠΟΛΕΜΟΣΔΙΚΑΙΣ und bellum iustum, 178–83;Wynn, Augustine on War and Military Service, 128–31.

[6] Rosenberger, Bella et expeditiones.

[7] Keenan, Wars Without End, 32.

[8] Jal, La guerre civile a? Rom, 19–21; Urbainczyk, Slave Revolts in Antiquity,100 –115; Schiavone, Spartacus.

[9] Robert Brown, “The Terms Bellum Sociale and Bellum Civile in the Late Republic,” 103.

[10] 对罗马civitas的理解，详见Ando, Roman Social Imaginaries, 7–14。

[11] harvey, Rebel Cities; Hazan, History of the Barricade.

[12] Brett, Changes of State.

[13] Plato, Republic 462a—b, in Collected Dialogues, 701 (translation adapted).

[14] Gehrke, Stasis.

[15] Price, Thucydides and Internal War, 30–32.

[16] Plato, Republic 470b—c, in Collected Dialogues, 709.

[17] Plato, Laws 628b, 629d, in Collected Dialogues, 1229 (translation adapted),1231; Price, Thucydides and Internal War, 67–70.

[18] Stouratis, “Byzantine War Against Christians”; Kyriakidis, “Idea of Civil War in Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Byzantium.”

[19] Panourgía, Dangerous Citizens, 81– 86.

[20] Loraux, “Oikeios polemos.”

[21] Plato, Republic 471e, in Collected Dialogues, 710.

[22] Thucydides, Eight Bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre 3.81– 83, trans. Hobbes,187–90. 对“党争”的描述后面紧接的那部分，现在普遍认为是后补插叙。Fuks, “Thucydides and the Stasis in Corcyra”。

[23] 霍布斯是第一位将修昔底德的著作从希腊文翻译成英文者；而更早期的英文版 The Hystory Writtone by Thucidides the Athenyan of the Warre, Whiche Was Betwene the Peloponesians and the Athenyans, 是由Nicolls从Claude de Seysell的法文译著所翻译的。同样，避免了使用civil war这个词，替代的是civile dissention，cyvill seditions和cyvill battailles等词。17世纪20年代霍布斯进行翻译时的政治语境——完全不同于17