lic,” 69 –70.

[15] ?stenberg, “Veni Vidi Vici and Caesar’s Triumph,” 823.

[16] Lange, “Triumph and Civil War in the Late Republic,” 74, 76 –78, 82–84. 更多参见Lange, Triumphs in the Age of Civil War。

[17] Cicero, De officiis1.85–86 (“apud Atheniensis magnae discordiae, in nostra re publica non solum seditiones sed etiam pestifera bella civilia”), in On Duties,86–87, quoting Plato, Republic 420b (translation adapted).

[18] horace, Odes 2.1, in Complete Odes and Epodes, trans. West, 56; Mendell, “Epic of Asinius Pollio”; Henderson, Fighting for Rome, 108 –59.

[19] Tacitus, Annals 1.3, quoted in Harriet I. Flower, Roman Republics (Princeton,N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010), 154 (“etiam senes plerique inter belli civilia nati: quotus quisque reliquus qui rem publicam vidisset”); Keitel,“Principate and Civil War in the Annals of Tacitus.”

[20] Gowing, “ ‘Caesar Grabs My Pen,’ ” 250.

[21] Masters, Poetry and Civil War in Lucan’s “Bellum Civile.”

[22] 关于卢坎的历史，参见Asso, ed., Brill’s Companion to Lucan书中相关章节。

[23] Lucan, In Cath Catharda; Meyer, “Middle-Irish Version of the Pharsalia of Lucan.”

[24] Rómverja Saga, ed. Helgadóttir.

[25] Dante, Convivio 4.28.13 (“quello grande poeta Lucano”); Geoffrey Chaucer,The House of Fame 3.1499, quoted in Susanna Braund, introduction to Lucan,ed. Tesoriero, Muecke, and Neal, 2– 4.

[26] Lucan, M. Annaei Lvcani Pharsalia; Grotius (“poeta phileleutheros”), quoted in Conte, Latin Literature, trans. Solodow, 451.

[27] Petronius, Satyricon 118, in Satyricon, trans. Sullivan, 109 (“ingens opus”),109–22 (Eumolpus’s poem); Virgil, Aeneid 7.45 (“maius opus”).

[28] “But,” Gibbon continued, “of what avail is tardy knowledge? Where error is irretrievable, repentance is useless.” Note from winter 1790—91, in Gibbon,History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, British Library shelf mark C.60.m.1; Bowersock, “Gibbon on Civil War and Rebellion in the Decline of the Roman Empire.”

[29] Lucan, Bellum civile 1.223 –24, in Civil War, trans. Braund,