f Nations 3.18.293, ed. Kapossy and Whatmore, 645.

[18] Ibid., 3.18.295, ed. Kapossy and Whatmore, 648 – 49.

[19] Zurbuchen, “Vattel’s ‘Law of Nations’ and the Principle of Non-intervention”;Pitts, “Intervention and Sovereign Equality.”

[20] Vattel, Law of Nations 2.4.56, ed. Kapossy and Whatmore, 290 – 91.

[21] Braund, “Bernard Romans.”

[22] Romans, To the Hone. Jno. Hancock Esqre.; Romans, Philadelphia, July 12.1775.

[23] Romans, Annals of the Troubles in the Netherlands.

[24] Belcher, First American Civil War, is the exception that proves the rule.

[25] Paine, Common Sense, in Collected Writings, 25.

[26] O’Shaughnessy, Empire Divided; more generally, see Armitage, “First Atlantic Crisis.”

[27] Lawson, “Anatomy of a Civil War”; Shy, People Numerous and Armed,183– 92; Wahrman, Making of the Modern Self, 223 –37, 239– 44; Simms, Three Victories and a Defeat, 593–600; Klooster, Revolutions in the Atlantic World,11– 44; Jasanoff, Liberty’s Exiles, 21–53.

[28] Elliott, Empires of the Atlantic World, 352.

[29] Bollan, The Freedom of Speech and Writing upon Public Affairs, Considered;with an Historical View of the Roman Imperial Laws Against Libels, 158 –59.关于Bollan对罗马史的运用，参见York, “Defining and Defending Colonial American Rights,” 213。

[30] Price, Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty, 91.

[31] Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 4.7.c, ed.Campbell and Skinner, 2:622.

[32] Pocock, “Political Thought in the English-Speaking Atlantic, 1760—1790,”256 –57.

[33] Newport Mercury, April 24, 1775, quoted in Breen, American Insurgents,American Patriots, 281– 82.

[34] Civil War; a Poem; Hartley, Substance of a Speech in Parliament, upon the State of the Nation and the Present Civil War with America, 19; Roebuck, Enquiry,Whether the Guilt of the Present Civil War in America, Ought to Be Imputed to Great Britain or America.

[35] [Jackson], Emma Corbett; Wahrman, Making of the Modern Self, 243 – 44.

[36] Cooper, introduction (1831) to Spy, 13;