ying the Dead,"Topic,2003,www.webdelsol.com/Topic/articles/04/ehrenreich.html#top.

35.Quoted in Chidester.

36.Woody West,"A Farewell to the Dead,"Washington Times,September11,1995.

37.www.logosresourcepages.org/rock.html#bottom.

38.Quoted in McNally,p.387.

第十一章

1.Guttmann,156.

2.Lipksy,p.20.

3.Quoted in Goodman,p.163.

4.www.koreainfogate.com/2002worldcup/news.asp?column97.

5.Lever,p.16.

6.Quoted in Mark Dyreson,"The Emergence of Consumer Culture and?the Transformation of Physical Culture:American Sport in the1920s,"in Wiggins,pp.207-24.

7.Robert A.Baade,"Evaluating Subsidies for Professional Sports in the United States and Europe:A Public Sector Primer,"Oxford Review of Economic Policy19,no.4(2003):587-93.

8.Steve Lopez,"Money for Stadiums,But Not for Schools,"Time,June4,1999.

9.Holt,p.36.

10.Rader,p.7.

11.Vincent,pp.28-29.

12.Lever,p.36.

13.Ibid.,p.41.

14.Hobsbawm,"Mass Producing Traditions,"pp.288-89.

15.Ibid.,p.300.

16.Pope,p.328.

17.Norman Chad,"World Cup Soccer Stirs Emotions That Few Americans?Can Understand,"Los Angeles Times,June15,1986.

18.Louis Kutcher,"The American Sports Event as Carnival:An Emergent?Norm Approach to Crowd Behavior,"Journal of Popular Culture16,no.4(Spring1983):34-41.

19.Morris,p.248.

20.See www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_186.html.

21.Bob Harvilla,"Thumping for Tejada,"East Bay Express,May2,2003,p.58.

22.Mark Simon,"A Little Bit of Brazil in Palo Alto,"San Francisco Chronicle,June21,1993.

23.May Colleen,the Airbrush Shoppe,phone interview with the author.

24.Bobbi Weiner,phone interview with the author.

25.www.koreainfogate.com/2002worldcup/news.asp?column97.

26."Soccer Crowds Sing,Sing,Sing for the Homeland Team,"Washington?Post,July16,1994.

27.Klaus Hansen,review of Soccer Fan Singing:A FANomenology,by Reinhard?Kopiez and Guido Brink,RPM,no.26,Summer1998.

28.Bellos,p.140.

29.Morris,p.258.

30.Quoted in ibid.,p.258.

31.Mark Trumbull,"How'the Wave'Swept the Nation,"Christian Science?Monitor,January29,1993.

32.George Vecsey,"Help